The mission of this website is to provide a comprehensive and accurate way to research and cross-reference information about the events, people and epochs which have shaped the Common Era. History is presented in a linear, timeline, format to emphasize the causality and interdependability of historical events and figures. The information in this website is shown in columns. You can select a variety of combination of columns to view depending on your research needs or screen size. Please wait for each page to load, then scroll down to find a Year, and scroll left and right to see all columns of info. To find a specific event or person use the "Find" function of your browser: type in a particular year, event, or name.

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INFORMATION IN THIS SITE UPDATED: 01:19 EST (6:19 GMT) 1/26/04

      

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INFORMATION IN THIS SITE UPDATED: 22:55 EDT (26:55 GMT) 10/24/02

YEAR C.E.	MILESTONES & EVENTS OF THE COMMON ERA	POPES in ROME	EMPERORS in ROME	PATRIARCHS in CONSTANTINOPLE	EMPERORS in CONSTANTINOPLE
	Birth of Jesus of Nazareth placed at 4 BCE
1	Common Era Begins	Anno Domini (AD) years begin to be counted				1
14	Augustus dies.		Tiberius			14
26	26-36 Pontius Pilate governor of Judea. John the Baptist is executed on orders from Herod Antipas. c. 26-29: Jesus of Nazareth travels around Judea and Galilee attracting discliples and crowds to his message of love and care for one another. Accounts of his disciples and followers, his parables and miracles, the opposition to his teaching, and his prophecies about his own fate, are collected by his disciples according to the oral tradition of the time.					26
29	Jesus of Nazareth crucified in Jerusalem Jesus' birth is estimated at 4 BCE; If the date for the death of John the Baptist is accurate at 26 CE, the crucifixion of Jesus must have taken place at 29 CE and he must have been 33 years of age. After the crucifiction, the Apostles begin spreading the teachings of Jesus, first in Judea and Galillee, then to the gentiles in Greece, Rome and elsewhere. The Apostle Paul (Saul) first uses the Greek word "Hristos" (Christ) to describe Jesus as the "Messiah" (Christ means Messiah in Greek) while preaching to the gentiles in Antioch. During the first decade after Jesus' crucifixion the church that grows in His name is split between those who follow James, brother of Jesus, and Peter, His favoprite disciple, who maintain that followers should abide by the Laws of Moses and be circumcised, and, the followers of Paul, mainly gentiles. Paul makes a passionate case at the First Apostolic Counsel for accepting gentiles into the faith but without forcing the Law of Moses to the letter upon them. Paul, arguably, is solely responsible for the fact that the teachings of Jesus, as told by Paul, reached the gentiles in Greece and Rome. Christianity, as it becomes known after the first decades, is seeded and will flourish within Judaism until the execution of James, brother of Jesus, and then among gentiles in Antioch, Athens, Ephesus, Corinth, Rome, Byzantium and elsewhere until the Third Century and subsequently evolve into a new religion in 325 CE with the establishment of The Creed of Faith. During the first two centuries of the Common Era Christian communities are established around the Mediterranean basin. The first Christians celebrate family suppers in memory of Jesus' Last Supper with the disciples before his crucifiction. This practice gives birth to the traditions which will eventually evolve into the Holy Litourgy (Mass) and the sharing of wine and bread to represent the Blood and Body of Christ. A tradition which culminates in the mystery of Eucharist (Communion) during litourgy, where it is believed that the offerings of wine and bread are transformed into the Blood and Body of Christ After the death of the Apostles Christian communities gradually develop their own separate theology, dogma and tradition, spreading the teachings of Christianity to all parts of the known world, throughout the Roman Empire. These rising variations on dogma and tradition will necessitate the First Oecumenical council which will be called by Emperor Constantine the Great, St. Constantine, in Nicea, near Constantinople, in 325 C.E. in order to proclaim one Creed of the Christian Faith.					29
36	Stephen the "deacon" is martyred; the Church scatters					36
37	Head of Christian Church at Byzantium (later Constantinople) named: BISHOP of BYZANTIUM Jonathon, a son of Annas (High Priest from AD6-15), replaces Annas' son-in-law Caiaphas as High Priest in Jerusalem. Paul makes his first visit as a Christian to Jerusalem. This follows his journey to Arabia and return to Damascus to preach (Galatians 1:17). Paul is forced to leave Jerusalem and goes to his home town of Tarsus (Acts 9:30)		Gaius (Caligula)	St. Andrew the Apostle		37
38	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM The conversion of Saul (later Paul) on the road to Damascus			Stachys the Apostle		38
39	Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, and his wife Herodias, are forced into exile in Gaul (France) by Caligula. Galilee and Perea are granted to King Herod Agrippa I to add to the territories already held since AD37					39
40	40-65 Missions of Paul and associates, especially to Gentiles The word Christians first used by Paul (Saul) to describe believers in Antioch AD40-50 - According to tradition, Matthew wrote the GOSPEL OF MATTHEW, originally in Aramaic.					40
41	King Herod Agrippa I is now granted Judea and Samaria by Claudius. The line of Roman procurators temporarily comes to an end. After just four years, Agrippa I's kingdom equals that of his grandfather, Herod the Great (37-4BC).		Claudius			41
42	Head of Christian Church at Rome named: BISHOP OF ROME Paul joins Barnabas to work with the established church in Syrian Antioch	1 St. Peter				42
43	Under Claudius, the Roman conquest of Britannia (Britain) begins					43
44	Herod Agrippa I, grandson of Herod the Great and son of the murdered Aristobulus is made king and granted Iturea and Trachonitis by his friend, the emperor Caligula. The territories were previously ruled by his deceased uncle, Philip. He is also granted Abilene, once ruled by Lysanias The apostle James, brother of John and son of Zebedee, is beheaded, and Peter imprisoned on the orders of King Herod Agrippa I (Acts 12:1-3) King Herod Agrippa I dies suddenly in Caesarea (Acts 12:23). His son, Agrippa II, is too young to rule, and all the Jewish provinces return to direct Roman control. Roman procurators are again appointed over Judea. Of Agrippa I's daughters, Drusilla later marries Felix, a Roman procurator of Judea (Acts 24:24), and Bernice becomes a close companion of her brother Agrippa II (Acts 25:13)					44
45	AD45-50 - The LETTER OF JAMES is written, probably by James, brother of Jesus, sometime before the Council held at Jerusalem in c AD49					45
46	Paul's first missionary journey c AD46-48					46
47	47-48 Paul and Barnabas on Cyprus [Acts 13, 4-12]					47
48	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM AD48 or 49 - Paul may have written his LETTER TO THE GALATIANS around this time from Syrian Antioch, or on the way to the Council of Jerusalem; otherwise c AD56 or 57					48
49	Apostolic Council held at Jerusalem Paul's second Missionary journey c AD49-52					49
50	50-95 Books of New Testament written Emperor Claudius expels the Jews from Rome Herod Agrippa II is old enough to be appointed king of Chalcis by emperor Claudius					50
51	AD49-52 (range, 2 to 4 years between AD48-54) - Paul and Silas leave Syrian Antioch for the SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY. They travel through Asia Minor (present day Turkey), before crossing to Macedonia (northern Greece). Paul then sails south to Corinth in Achaia (southern Greece) and stays for 18 months. Here he appears before the proconsul Gallio, and writes his FIRST and SECOND LETTERS TO THE THESSALONIANS. Sailing for Palestine, he calls in at Ephesus (western Turkey), before returning to Syrian Antioch via Jerusalem					51
52	AD50-60 - Oral traditions about the life and ministry of Jesus continue to be committed to writing, and collections assembled					52
53	Paul's third Missionary journey c AD53-58 From AD53, King Herod Agrippa II, exchanges Chalcis for parts of Iturea and Trachonitis, Galilee and Perea.					53
54	Claudius, Roman emperor, is poisoned, succeeded by Nero		Nero	Onesimus		54
58	c AD58-60 Paul's arrest in Jerusalem and imprisonment in Caesaria for trial before the procurator Felix. He is also seen by Drusilla, Felix's wife. Paul is kept in prison for two years					58
60	In Britannia, Boadicea, queen of the Iceni, revolts against Roman rule but is defeated and killed by the Roman governor Suetonius Paulinus Paul's journey to Rome and continued imprisonment c AD60-63. Paul sails for Rome, is shipwrecked on Malta where he stays for three months and meets Publius, the chief official. He continues on to Rome via Sicily. Paul under house arrest in Rome for two years. During these years, he writes his Letters to the Colossians, to philemon, to the Ephesians, and to the Philippians					60
63	Joseph of Arimathea came to Glastonbury on the first Christian mission to Britain					63
64	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM Paul's possible release from imprisonment in Rome c AD64-67 Paul may have been released from house arrest in Rome, and travelled to Spain?, Macedonia, Achaia, Crete, and Asia Minor (Turkey) c AD64-67 - The apostle Peter wrote the First Letter of Peter, and possibly the Second letter during this period c AD64 - During the persecutions that follow the fire, the apostles Peter and Paul may have been martyred. According to tradition Peter was crucified head downwards, and Paul beheaded, both in Rome. Paul, however, may have been on his further travels at this time, following his earlier release from house arrest, and Peter executed later Roman emperor Nero (37-68) accuses the Christians of having started the fire which destroyed large sections of Rome, thus initiating widespread persecution.					64
65	The Letter to Hebrews addressed to Jewish Christians may have been written about this time c AD65-70 - The Gospel Of Mark may have been written, traditionally in Rome, around the time of Peter's execution					65
66	If Paul was released, he would have written his First Letter to Timothy and his Letter to Titus around now, perhaps from the Macedonia area AD66-73 - Jewish war against Roman rule. The campaign in Judea is initially led by the Roman general Vespasian. Many Jews, and probably Christians leave Jerusalem					66
67	Paul is possibly re-arrested, taken to Rome, and sometime before execution, wrote his Second Letter to Timothy. The Letter to Jude, brother of James and thus Jesus, may have been written around this time, possibly in Palestine	2 St. Linus				67
68	Emperor Nero commits suicide cAD68-70 - The Book of Revelation may have been written at this time, following the persecutions of Nero, but before the Fall of Jerusalem. Otherwise Revelation was written towards the end of the 1st century. Qumran (Essenes?) community destroyed by Rome, site of Dead Sea Scrolls found in 1949					68
69			After Nero's suicide, Galba, Otho and Vitellius are emperors of Rome in quick succession	Polycarpus I		69
70	Jewish revolt, Sacking of Jerusalem by the Romans: Jerusalem is captured by Titus and the Temple destroyed Destruction of the Temple Diaspora begins Separation of Christianity from Judaism widens after capture of Jerusalem		Vespasian			70
73	Jewish resistance ends with the fall of the fortress of Masada, last remaining stronghold of Jewish Zealots					73
75	75-77 The Roman conquest of Britain is complete as Wales is finally subdued; Julius Agricola is imperial governor (to 84)					75
76		3 St. Anacletus				76
79	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM Mount Vesuvius catastrophic eruption. The Roman resort towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum are burried in the ashes, preserving a snapshot of Roman life for the millenia to come.					79
80	c. 80-100 Gospel of Matthew is composed.					80
81			Titus Domitian			81
88		4 St. Clement I				88
89			L. Antonius Saturninus	Plutarch		89
90	cAD90-100 - The First, Second and Third Letters of John are written by the apostle John from Ephesus					90
96			Nerva			96
97		5 St. Evaristus				97
98			Trajan			98
100	The apostle John, according to tradition, dies a natural death at Ephesus c. 100-125 Gospel of John is composed. 100-150 Writings of apostolic fathers show a concern with unity and good order of churches First London Bridge is built across the Thames by the Romans.					100
105	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM	6 St. Alexander I		Sedecion		105
112	Pliny, governor of Bithynia, consults Emperor Trajan on how to deal with those accused as Christians					112
114				Diogenes		114
115		7 St. Sixtus I				115
117	117-138: Hadrian emperor of Rome, improves defenses and codifies law.		Hadrian			117
122	Construction of Hadrian's Wall in Britain begins, to mark the northernmost border of the empire separating the areas that are today England and Scotland.					122
125		8 St. Telesphorus				125
129				Eleutherius		129
132	Shimeon Bar-Kokhba and Rabbi Akiba Ben-Joseph lead Jews in a revolt against Roman rule. They capture Jerusalem and create an independent state of Israel.					132
133	Julius Severus governor of Britain is sent to Palestine to crush the revolt					133
135	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM Julius Severus, formerly governor of Britain, crushes the revolt in Palestine. Final Diaspora (dispersion) of the Jews occurs.					135
136	The bishop of Rome, Hyginus, assumes the title of "pope"	9 St. Hyginus		Felix		136
138			Antoninus Pius			138
140	Justin founds school of Christian philosophy at Rome Shepherd of Hermas is written, presenting a highly developed system of bishops, deacons, and priests.	10 St. Pius I				140
141				Polycarpus II		141
144				Athendodorus		144
148				Euzois		148
150	Four "canonical" gospels are collected together. School of Alexandria is founded in Egypt, quickly becoming a major center for both Christian theology and Greek philosophy. Among its prominent teachers are the theologians Clement (died c. 215) and Origen (c. 185 - 254).					150
154				Laurence		154
155		11 St. Anicetus				155
161	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM		Marcus Aurelius			161
165	Justin's martyrdom					165
166	Roman Emporer Marcus Aurelius sends gifts to Chinese Emperor Huan Ti.			Alypius		166
167	At the request of King Lucius the missionaries Phagan and Deruvian were said to have been sent by Pope Eleutherius to convert the Britons to Christianity. This is perhaps the most widely believed of the legends of the founding of Christianity in Britain.					167
168		12 St. Soterus				168
169				Pertinax		169
170	Celsus writes True Word, the first book opposing Christianity					170
175		13 St. Eleutherius	Avidius Cassius			175
180	180-200 Irenaeus of Lyons preaches to Celts in Gaul, refuting gnosticism Clement heads school of "true gnosticism" in Alexandria Irenaeus (125 - c. 202), Catholic theologian, writes Against Heresies in an attempt to fight the spread of Gnosticism. He claimed that "every church must agree" with the church of Rome because of its apostolic authority. First African Christians are martyred at Scillium.		Commodus			180
184	Lucius Artorius Castus commander of a detachment of Sarmatian conscripts stationed in Britain led his troops to Gaul to quell a rebellion. This is the first appearance of the name Artorius in history and some believe that this Roman military man is the original or basis for the Arthurian legend. The theory says that Castus' exploits in Gaul at the head of a contingent of mounted troops are the basis for later similar traditions about "King Arthur and, further, that the name Artorius" became a title or honorific which was ascribed to a famous warrior in the fifth century.					184
187	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM			Olympians		187
189		14 St. Victor I				189
190	Christian council determine "official" date of Easter.					190
192			Pertinax			192
193			Didius Julianus			193
197	Tertullian begins writing apologetics in Carthage, Afica First recorded usage of the term "catholic" appears in the writings of Apollonius; used in reference to 1 John. The word ³catholic² in Greek means ³all encompassing² (uniqueness, no variation).					197
198				Mark I		198
199		5 St. Zephirinus				199
200	First mention of Christians in Britain New Testament canon is mostly fixed in currently known form.					200
203	Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas in Carthage					203
208	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM Severus goes to defend Britain and repairs Hadrian's Wall					208
209	St. Alban first British martyr was killed for his faith in one of the few persecutions of Christians ever to take place on the island during the governorship of Gaius Junius Faustinus Postumianus					209
211			Antoninus (Caracalla)	Philadelphus		211
212	Origen begins traveling, commending Christianity to high ranking officials throughout the empire					212
215	Hippolytus of Rome compiles the Apostolic Tradition, describing how converts are to be discipled					215
217		16 St. Calixtus I	Macrinus	Ciriacus I		217
218			Diadumenianus			218
220	Goths invade Asia Minor					220
221		[Hippolytus]				221
222		17 St. Urban I	Severus Alexander			222
225	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM		L. Seius Sallustius			225
230	Pope Urban I justifies the ownership of property by the Church, the elevation of bishops and the excommunication of heretics	18 St. Pontianus		Castinus		230
231	Origen founds school at Caesarea (Palestine)					231
235		19 St. Anterius	Maximinus Thrax			235
236		20 St. Fabianus				236
237				Eugenius I		237
238			Gordian I			238
240	Gregory "the Wonder Worker" appointed bishop of Pontus (in north Asia Minor)		Sabinianus			240
242				Titus		242
244			Philip the Arab			244
246	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM Paul of Thebes retreats to the Egyptian desert and becomes the first Christian hermit					246
247			Philip Iunior			247
248	Cyprian appointed bishop of Carthage, the largest church in Africa, only two years after his conversion Origen defends Christianity in Against Celsus		Pacatianus			248
249			Decius			249
250	250-300: Increasing invasions of Rome by the Franks and the Goths Emperor Decius begins the first, though short-lived, general persecution of Christians					250
251		21 St. Cornelius				251
252		[Novatianus]				252
253		22 St. Lucius I				253
254		23 St. Stephen I				254
256	Gaul overrun by the Germans from the Rhine					256
257	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM	24 St. Sixtus II				257
259		25 St. Dionysius				259
260	260-305 Porphyry, a Neoplatonist philosopher, writes multivolume Against the Christians					260
264	A council excommunicates Paul of Samosata					264
268	Goths sack Athens, Corinth, and Sparta. Lucianus of Antioch (born in Samosata) preaches that Jesus was only a man		Claudius II Gothicus			268
269		26 St. Felix I	Laelianus			269
270	Monasticism begins to spread in Egypt and Syria, promoting Christianity in rural areas Anthony becomes a hermit in Egypt		Quintillus			270
271			Domitianus			271
272			Vaballathus	Dometius		272
273			Firmus			273
274	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM		Faustinus			274
275		27 St. Eutychianus	Tacitus			275
276	Mani is crucified by the Sassanids for tring to incorporate Judaism Christianity and Zoroastrianism into one religion ("manicheism")		Florianus			276
280			Bonosus			280
281			Saturninus			281
282			Carus			282
283		28 St. Caius	Numerianus			283
284			Diocletian	Rufinus I		284
285	Papa is ordained first bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (the first "catholico		Maximianus Herculius			285
286	Emperor Diocletian divides the empire - he rules the east and Maximilian rules the west. Diocletian instigates the Tetrarchy, Consisting of one Augustus and one Ceasar in each of the two partitions. The empire will be ruled by the two sets of rulers (one higher placed tha his second in command) for only twelve years before the seconds in command attack their superiors and then each other. This is the path followed by Constantine, starting as Ceasar in York, south through Gaul, across the Milvian Bridge and into Rome in 312 C.E.					286
293	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM		Allectus	Probus		293
296		29 St. Marcellinus				296
297			L. Domitius Domitianus			297
301	Armenia becomes the first country to make Christianity its state religion. the Armenian king Tiridates I converted by Gregory the Illuminator					301
303	Diocletian implements a Great Persecution of the Christians emperor Diocletian orders a general persecution of the Christians					303
304		Vacant,				304
305			Maximinus Daia			305
306	Constantine proclaimed Emperor at York , Western Empire The first bishop of Nisibis is ordained		Maxentius Constantine I	Metrophanes		306
308	Constantine takes Gaul	30 St. Marcellus I	L. Domitius Alexander			308
309		31 St. Eusebius				309
311	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM Donatus and others rebel against the appointment of the bishop of Carthage claiming independence of Church and state and claiming that the people could determine how worthy of administering sacraments a priest is	32 St. Melchiades				311
312	312-337: Constantine the Great reunites Roman Empire with new capital at Byzantion called Constantinople Roman emperor Constantine converts to Christianity					312
313	Edict of Milan: After a victorius entry in Rome, following the battle of Milvian Bridge where Constantine defeated and killed Maxentius, Emperor Constantine issues the Edict of Milan, legalizing Christianity in the Roman Empire. Constantine ends the persecution of the Christians. A cathedral is built in Edessa					313
314	Head of Church at Rome named: POPE Gregory the Illuminator founds Armenian church Donatism is condemned as a heresy	33 St. Sylvester I	Valens	Alexander		314
315	Eusebius, the first church historian and later eulogist of Constantine, appointed bishop of Caesarea					315
316	Donatism splits from Catholicism and spreads throughout Africa					316
318	Pachomius a disciple of Anthony organizes a community of ascetics at Tabennis in Egypt (birth of Christian monasticism)					318
320	Arius is expelled by the patriarch Alexander and during his travels through the eastern Roman empire converts more bishops					320
323	Constantine builds a church to the apostle Peter on the Roman cemetery where the martyr is buried					323
324	Head of Church at Constantinople named: ARCHBISHOP of CONSTANTINOPLE Constantine I achieves full control of Roman Empire. Constantine finally achieves full control over an undivided empire. He was a skillful politician who is popularly believed to have made Christianity the official religion of the empire because of his personal convictions. In actuality that act was merely an expedient intended to harness the power of its "God" for the benefit of the state. He re-located the imperial headquarters to Byzantium whose name he then changed to Constantinople. Despite his outward enthusiasm for Christianity and its powerful God he didn't close many pagan temples during his reign. He did however strip them of their former wealth which was then shifted to various Christian churches. This produced the result that many of the fledgling churches were put on a very firm financial footing and many of their members enjoyed great prosperity. The persecution of Christianity had stopped perhaps but its co-opting had just begun. Early Christianity had no official hierarchies and functioned best as a series of small church groups worshipping with and caring for their own members while spreading Christ's Gospel in their local areas. Constantine's move created a top-heavy structure that would quickly depart from its original purity; a church beholden to the state out of touch with the needs of its adherents and concerned only with its own comfort. Eusebius the early Christian historian has given us some additional insights into the motivations of the Emperor Constantine in his "Ecclesiastical History".				Constantine I	324
325	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM Constantine calls the First Ecumenical Council at Nicea to condemn the Arian heresy, which had taught that the Son was inferior to the Father. The Nicene Creed, the Creed of Christian faith is established and will remain intact until the Schism of 1054. Council of Nicaea discusses the divine/human nature of Jesus and approves the Christian canon (the New Testament) against "heretic" books THE NICENE CREED I believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all ages. Light of Light, true God of true God, begotten, not created, of one essence with the Father, through whom all things were made. For us and for our salvation, He came down from heaven and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary and became man. He was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and He suffered and was buried. On the third day He rose according to the Scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead. His kingdom will have no end. And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the Giver of Life, who proceeds from the Father, who together with the Father and the Son is worshiped and glorified, who spoke through the prophets. In one, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. I acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. I expect the resurrection of the dead. And the life of the age to come. Amen.					325
330	Eastern Roman Empire Constantine dedicates the city of Byzantium as the eastern capital of the Empire or "New Rome," renaming it Constantinople after himself. Byzantine Empire; Romiosine 330-1453 Nino converts Georgian royal family Amoun and Macarius found monasteries in the Egyptian desert Hilarion organizes a monastery at Gaza in Palestine Mar Augin founds a monastery in Syria near Nisibis					330
334	the first bishop is ordained for Merv in Transoxania					334
336	Arius, priest at Alexandria and founder of Arianism, dies. Arianism was one of the most widespread and divisive heresies in the history of Christianity.	34 St. Marcus I				336
337	Constantine received "Christian" baptism on his deathbed. Joint rule of Constantine's three sons: Constantine II (to 340); Constans (to 350); Constantius (to 361)	35 St. Julius I		Paul I	Constantine II	337
339	Athanasius of Alexandria visits Rome accompanied by the two Egyptian monks Ammon and Isidore disciples of Anthony who export the idea of monasticism			Eusebius		339
340	Roman legislation begins to favor Christianity and penalize paganism Christianization and literalization of the Goths (Ulfila and the "Gothic bible The first monastery of Persia is founded by Aphrahat near Mosul					340
342					Macedonius I	342
344	catholics are massacred in Persia					344
345	Pachomius dies and his institution already counts eight monasteries and hundreds of monks organized in a hierarchy					345
346	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM			Paul I		346
350	Christianity first reaches Ethiopia. Frumentius converts the royalty of Axum, Ethiopia. the missionary Ninian establishes the church Candida Casa at Whithorn in Galloway Scotland		Magnentius			350
351	Emperor Julian attempts to reintroduce paganism in the place of Christianity.					351
352		36 Liberius				352
355			Silvanus			355
356		[Felix II]				356
358	Basil founds the monastery of Annesos in Pontus the model for eastern monasticism (perfect Christian life and constant penance meditation + poverty + humility)					358
360	Huns invade Europe Martin future bishop of Tours founds the first French monastery at Liguge the Vandals convert to christianity			Eudoxius of Antioch		360
361			Julian			361
362	Marius Victorinus, one of Rome's most famous rhetors, converts, causing much public excitement					362
363	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM Persia recaptures Nisibis from the Romans and the school of Nisibis moves to Edessa		Jovian			363
364			Valentinian I			364
365			Procopius			365
366		37 St. Damasus I	Marcellus			366
367	Festal Epistle of St. Athanasius (c. 293 - 373) offers earliest known list of the New Testament canon in its current form.		Gratian			367
369	Roman general Theodosius drives the Picts and Scots out of Roman Britain					369
370				Demophilus		370
371	The Hunns cross the river Volga into Europe having left Mongolia in the 2nd century leadin a nomadic life in their trek west. They are defeated in the battle of the field of Nations and depart Europe returning East beyond the Ural Mountains. Martin, evangelist to the pagans of central Gaul, is elected bishop of Tours Martin of Tours converts pagans					371
372	Buddhism introduced into Korea.		Firmus			372
374	Ambrose is elected bishop of Milan which has become the main Christian center in Italy					374
375	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM the Jerusalem Talmud (manual of lifestyle) is compiled by western Jews		Valentinian II			375
376	Huns conquer Russia Visigoths convert to Arian christianity					376
378					Theodosius I The Great	378
379	the Roman empire bans Arianism			[Evagrius]		379
380	Emperor Theodosius makes orthodox Christianity the official religion of the empire Ulphilas, Arian missionary bishop among Goths and translator of Gothic Bible, dies Theodosius I proclaims Christianity as the sole religion of the Roman Empire Ambrose preaches virginity			[Maximus]		380
381	Council II, Constantinople I, Arianism condemned; regarded as definitively establishing Roman Catholic orthodoxy Head of Church at Constantinople named: PATRIARCH of CONSTANTINOPLE Second Ecumenical Council convoked by Theodosius I in Constantinople			Nectarius		381
383	Magnus Maximus (Macsen Wledig a Spaniard was proclaimed Emperor in Britain by the island's Roman garrison. With an army of British volunteers he quickly conquered Gaul Spain and Italy.	[Ursinus]	Magnus Maximus			383
384		38 St. Siricius	Flavius Victor			384
386	Jerome founds monasteries in Bethlehem					386
388	Maximus occupied Rome itself. Theodosius the eastern Emperor defeated him in battle and beheaded him in July 388 with many of the remnant of Maximus' troops settling in Armorica. The net result to Britain was the loss of many valuable troops needed for the island's defense (the "first migration").					388
392	JUMP TO TOP | MIDDLE | BOTTOM 392-395:Theodosius the Great, last united Roman emperor		Eugenius			392
393			Honorius			393
395	PARTITION : WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE				Arcadius	395
397	the eight council (at Carthage) defines the Christian canon (the "New Testament") as comprised of four official gospels (all others are declared heretic) and the letters of the apostles					397
398	Maximus of Turin preaches against pagans			John I		398